Tenants and residents associations and council collaboration: rhetoric and reality

The aim of the thesis is to fill a gap in knowledge about collaboration and the possibilities that exist for the achievement of collaborative advantage by examining in detail the way that institutional pressure and power impacts on tenants and residents association (TARA) and council collaboration. Three levels of analysis are used to examine relations between institutional forces and power at the macro-level (including legislation, traditions and customs) and their affect on the political environment within which organizations are located and collaborate at the meso-level and individuals in organizations act at the micro-level. The thesis uses ideas and concepts that are part of institutional theory and theory on power to show what affect the national political environment has had on mandated TARA and council collaboration. The focus is on how effectively existing theory on collaboration and collaborative advantage deals with institutions, the ways in which they can impact on relations between collaborating organizations and the role of mandated collaboration when there are large inequalities of power between collaborating organizations with very different cultures and values. The research design comprised a longitudinal single case study to examine and analyse TARA and council collaboration. I adopted an ethnographic and grounded research approach to obtain people’s views and perspectives on collaboration for later coding and categorization that led to the emergence of various ideas, concepts and relations. My new concept that helps to explain how organizations can be involved in a process where they are disadvantaged in collaboration is introduced and developed

Characters and distribution of the coliform group of bacteria: a detailed and critical study of the literature, having particular reference to the significance of these bacteria in the examination of water supplies, and including the results of some short experiments bearing upon the subject

An eminent psychologist has achieved considerable notoriety in recent years by replying to many different questions put to him: "It all depends on what you mean by 'so- and -so' and what you mean by 'such- and -such'." However justified may have been these Irish answers in the spheres in which they were given, I submit that this same gentleman, had he been a bacteriologist, could with at least equal justification have answered many questions regarding the coliform group of bacteria by saying: "it all depends on what you mean by 'B. coli'. The confusion arising from the necessarily inadequate definition of 'B. coli' by the earlier investigators has persisted in some degree to the present day, so that even now it is necessary to distinguish between:(1) B. coli - loosely applied to mean the entire coliform group and /or any of its members.(2) B. call - even more loosely extended (e.g., "presumptive B. colt ") to include any micro -organism - sporing or otherwise - or mixture of organisms, which can produce acid and gas when grown in a liquid lactose medium.(3) B. coli - properly (in my opinion) applied to mean the definite sub - group termed "Bact. coli, type I, faecal" by the Ministry of Health (1939)(4) B. coli - still more restricted to apply only to the type species, i.e., B. coli communis (Escherich).If, therefore, in the ensuing pages the emphasis on exact definitions becomes tedious, may it be remembered that final decisions have not yet been reached regarding the importance of certain differences between the various types, and that what may to -day seem relatively trivial (as, for example, the Voges-Proskauer reaction in MacConkey's time) may later prove (as the Voges-Froskauer reaction has done) to be fundamental.As quite a number of the tables presented in the following pages have made unavoidable encroachments on both margins, it is respectfully suggested that the outside cover be removed before the work is read

Lost in Numbers? Anchoring Effects in Advertising Claims and Product Information

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version.According to anchoring theory, if unsure, human beings are predisposed to treat the first information they see as a starting point when making a judgement. This, often sub-conscious process, means random information can influence decisions in ways consumers are often unaware of. This paper tests this principle in advertising contexts to understand how anchoring may affect the way consumers interpret numbers within marketing messages. The results support the semantic priming and semantic anchoring models, which predict that random numbers will bias estimates when the wording of the ‘anchor’ is similar to the object of the estimate. We present evidence that this is the case even when the information is not directly relevant to the task. Contrastingly, no evidence is found to support the ‘simple numeric priming’ view of anchoring, which predicts that entirely abstract information can bias estimates

Health visiting - the end of a UK wide service?

In 1997 Health Visiting was deemed by New Labour to be an important player in reducing health inequalities. It was acknowledged that if Health Visiting was to fulfill this vision it would have to work out with its traditional child health role and also engage with groups, communities and populations to tackle the determinants of ill health. Twelve years on, external factors such as, NHS cut backs, recent changes to how Health Visitors are regulated throughout the UK and devolved Health Visiting policy making structures have led to the rapid demise in status and legitimacy of Health Visiting and its wider public health role. This article argues that the unintended consequences of devolved Health Visiting policy has resulted in 3 recent community nursing and health-visiting reviews in Scotland and England which have made divergent policy recommendations about the role of the Health Visitor in tackling health inequalities. The recommendations outlined in the Scottish review in particular threatened to jeopardise the very future provision of a UK wide Health Visiting service. If Health Visiting is to survive as a UK wide entity, a radical independent rethink as to its future direction and its public health role is urgently required